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- c BUSINESS, Page 77Special Report: Raiders on The RunDebacle on 34th Street
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-
- How takeover debt helped kill off the venerable B. Altman chain
-
- By Barbara Rudolph
-
-
- As shoppers streamed through the B. Altman department store
- in Manhattan last week, many of them looked wistfully at the
- lush elegance that surrounded them. The Renaissance-style
- emporium, completed in 1914 and situated across the street from
- the Empire State Building at 34th Street and Fifth Avenue,
- boasts crystal chandeliers and parquet floors, lofty ceilings
- and broad aisles. B. Altman, with its 124-year-old reputation
- for quality and gentility, is going out of business. Six of
- Altman's seven stores, situated mostly in New York, Pennsylvania
- and New Jersey, will be shuttered next month because its current
- owners were unable to attract any suitable bids during its six
- weeks on the block. Though the chain was long past its glory
- years, it finally expired at the hands of George Herscu, an
- overleveraged Australian corporate raider whose L.J. Hooker
- Corp. bought B. Altman in 1987.
-
- Like other department-store chains, B. Altman has been hurt
- by weak retail sales and tough competition from specialty
- outlets. Several other chains are for sale by their foreign
- owners: Canada's Campeau is trying to unload Bloomingdale's,
- while Britain's B.A.T Industries has put Saks Fifth Avenue and
- Marshall Field's on the block. However, Altman's problems went
- deeper, in part because it had acquired a dowdy, passe image.
- The company might have been turned around by the right owner,
- but Herscu, saddled with $1.5 billion in debts, had neither the
- cash nor the vision to pull off such a difficult renovation.
-
- The chain was founded in 1865 by Benjamin Altman, the son
- of a milliner. In recent decades, the stores were run by the
- Altman Foundation, which gave $500,000 of the firm's profits to
- charities each year. Four years ago, the foundation sold
- Altman's to B.A. Realty Associates for a price estimated at more
- than $100 million. The investors then sold the chain, without
- the real estate, to two accountants, Anthony Conti and Philip
- Semprevivo, who quickly cut costs and revived the store's
- merchandising by turning over some departments to savvy outside
- retailers like toy seller F.A.O. Schwarz. After losing $17
- million in 1985, Altman's earned a $3.5 million profit the
- following year.
-
- Herscu entered the picture in 1987. The Rumanian-born
- survivor of a Nazi labor camp, Herscu immigrated to Australia,
- made a fortune as a homebuilder and became famous for his flashy
- style. (His mansion is designed to look like Tara in Gone With
- the Wind.) He decided that U.S. retailing was a glamorous and
- growing business, so his Hooker Corp. bought B. Altman and the
- Bonwit Teller chain, which has grown to 17 stores, for $150
- million.
-
- By the beginning of this year, though, Herscu found himself
- in serious trouble. Hit by rising interest rates in Australia
- and declining retail sales in the U.S., the 61-year-old empire
- builder did not have enough cash to weather the slowdown. By
- August, Hooker's U.S. subsidiary filed for bankruptcy, and
- Herscu resigned as chief executive.
-
- Toward the end, B. Altman was losing more than $4 million
- a month. Retailing experts estimated that any potential savior
- would have to spend as much as $100 million to renovate the
- stores and rebuild basic inventories. Stock had become severely
- depleted during the past year, in part because manufacturers
- refused to extend credit to the store and withheld clothing
- shipments. The bankruptcy court put the chain up for sale but
- decided to liquidate when no acceptable bidders came forward.
-
- The going-out-of-business sale, which began the day after
- Thanksgiving, was hailed in full-page newspaper ads promising
- 20% discounts across the board. On the first day, a crowd of
- shoppers waited in line for more than an hour before the paneled
- doors were opened. The crush of people was so intense that
- fights broke out and fire fighters had to lock the doors to keep
- any more shoppers from squeezing inside.
-
- Replacing Herscu as L.J. Hooker's chief was Sanford
- Sigoloff, a turnaround king who says he was not surprised to see
- B. Altman die. "With so many choice properties on the market,
- like Bloomingdale's and Saks Fifth Avenue, who would want
- Altman's? I hate to say the store was old, but it was outmoded."
- KMO Realty Partners, which now owns Altman's real estate,
- controls the rights to the store's name. KMO will probably try
- to make some use of it, perhaps selling it to an apparel maker
- or retailer, but the B. Altman name will probably never grace
- another department store.
-
- That prospect is disappointing to Altman's devotees. "I'll
- be very sorry to see it go," said G.V. Biden, a customer since
- 1951. As shoppers last week scouted for bargains among Ralph
- Lauren shirts and Anne Klein coats, some decided to hold out for
- even steeper discounts. Sigoloff concedes that in the next few
- weeks "you'll see some serious price cutting as we try to move
- the older B. Altman inventory." GOING OUT OF BUSINESS, blared
- the bright red signs scattered throughout the old emporium.
- CLOSING OUR DOORS FOREVER.
-
-
- -- David M. Gross/New York
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-